On December 1, 1955, Rosa Lee Parks (née McCauley; conceived 1913) wouldn't give up her seat to a white traveler on a racially isolated Montgomery, Alabama transport. She was captured and fined however her activity prompted an effective blacklist of the Montgomery transports by African American riders. 

Conceived by Rosa McCauley in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913, the little youngster didn't appear to be bound for popularity. Her mom was an educator and her dad, a craftsman. At the point when she was as yet youthful she moved with her mom and sibling to Pine Level, Alabama, to live with her grandparents. A dedicated family, they had the option to furnish her with the necessities of life yet a couple of extravagances while endeavoring to safeguard her from the unforgiving real factors of racial isolation. Rosa went to the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls, moved on from the all-African American Booker T. Washington High School in 1928, and went to Alabama State College in Montgomery for a brief timeframe. 

She wedded Raymond Parks, a hair stylist, in 1932. Both Rosa and her better half were dynamic in different social liberties causes, like citizen enlistment. Parks worked with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Youth Council and in 1943 was chosen for fill in as the secretary of the Montgomery branch. This gathering attempted to destroy the boundaries of racial isolation in instruction and public facilities however gained little headway during the 1940s and mid 1950s. In the mid year of 1955 white companions paid Parks' costs for a fourteen day interracial workshop at Tennessee's Highlander Folk School, a program intended to assist individuals with preparing for social liberties activism. 

Parks worked at different positions throughout the long term—as a servant, a protection sales rep, and a needle worker. In 1955, while working at Montgomery Fair retail chain as a tailor's collaborator, she found her name in the features. On the pivotal evening of December first, she was extremely worn out as she set out toward her transport, yet had no designs for starting a dissent. As per the isolation laws in Montgomery, white travelers were given the front seats on the transport. 

Regardless of whether no white riders boarded, African Americans were not permitted to sit in those seats. In the event that white travelers filled their apportioned seats, African American riders—who needed to pay a similar measure of transport admission—needed to give their seats to the whites. The entirety of the transport drivers were told to have African Americans who resisted the principles eliminated from the transport, captured, and fined. A portion of the transport drivers requested that African Americans pay their charges in advance, get off the transport, and return through the secondary passages so they would not pass by the seats of white supporters. 

On December 1, 1955, Parks, who had sat down straightforwardly behind the white segment, was approached to yield her seat to white travelers. Rosa Parks perceived the driver as one who had ousted her from a transport 12 years before when she declined to return through the indirect access subsequent to paying her charge. The transport driver took steps to have her captured however she remained where she was. He at that point halted the transport, acquired some cops, and had Parks taken to police base camp. 

Surely her case was not extraordinary; African Americans had been captured for ignoring the isolation laws oftentimes previously. Nonetheless, in 1954 the Supreme Court had delivered a significant choice in Brown versus Leading body of Education, which held that instructive isolation was characteristically illicit. The choice urged African Americans to battle all the more intensely for the finish of racial isolation in each territory of American life. Hence, NAACP authorities and Montgomery church pioneers concluded that Parks' capture could give the important stimulus to an effective transport blacklist. They asked Montgomery's African American riders—who contained more than 70% of the transport organization's business—to quit riding the transports until the organization was able to change its approaches toward African American riders and recruit African American transport drivers.